Which term describes the party who brings a case against another in court?

• A. The judge overseeing the case.
• B. A person who brings a case against another in a court of law.
• C. A witness testifying.
• D. The defendant in a criminal case.

Answer: (B)

The main idea is recognizing who starts a court action. The party that brings a case is the one taking the legal initiative by filing the claim and asking the court for relief. In civil matters, this initiator is called the plaintiff; in criminal matters, the case is brought by the government through a prosecutor. The option describing “a person who brings a case against another in a court of law” matches this initiating role directly, making it the best fit for the question.

The other roles don’t fit as well: the judge is the person who oversees the case, not who starts it; a witness testifies during the case; and the defendant is the party against whom the case is brought (the one who must respond).